Fain 51

Fain's slides and his handouts in class are definite and clear.
Remember structures:
Methane CH4, methanol CH3OH, formaldehyde CH2=O, formic acid CH=OOH. Each has less energy than the one before it.
Handout- heavy type is the keynotes he will cover. Covered in slides.
51B is what is on powerpoints and what you will be tested on. Review of metabolism on page 1 and the 26 review questions and statements at the end of the handout are tested material. He will not be here Friday for review session, but will go over at end of lecture if he has time.
3 simple sugars- glucose, fructose, galactose.
Complex- in polymers. Polyhydroxyaldehydes and ketones.
4. Glyceraldehyde is simplest sugar.
8.All proteins are made of L amino acids. All sugars are D.
12.Noncyclized sugars are reactive and dangerous.
22. Why not store glucose free? osmotic problem. Stored in liver and muscle as glycogen.
24 With only one reducing end, less likely to react.
31 Ois universal donor- without glycoprotein on outside of cell, not antigenic.
AB can accept any type.
33 glycoprotein 120,000 is target for HIV (binding site)
38 We oxidize compounds for energy.See handout.
39 Making- anabolic. Breaking-catabolic.
40- good question for exam.
41 PEP formed during glycolysis has highest energy,
G1P is formed by glycogen breakdown.
42 Creatine phosphate is a storage form for ATP (20x more creatine phosphate in muscle than ATP). Reacts via creatine kinase.
All life uses ATP.
43 energy yields to go to CO2. When we burn methane, get all energy at once. Biology- get same end product stepwise to get ATP at each step.
46 nucleoside diphosphokinase interconverts GTP and ATP.
Carriers: NADH, NADPH, FADH. NADPH used for reductive biosynthesis. FADH and NADH used to generate ATP.
48 Allosteric is second site (beside catalytic one) on an enzyme.
Regulated by
1. amount of substrate
2. activity by allosteric regulation or covalent modification
3. synthesis/degradation
See slides and handouts.